Spring often brings heavy rains and melting snow, especially in regions of the Northern Hemisphere, creating humid conditions that can significantly increase the risk of lameness in dairy cows.
Wet environments are a leading contributor to lameness, as moisture softens the hoof horn, weakens structural integrity and increases the likelihood of claw lesions. In fact, studies show that one-third of the total water absorbed by a hoof occurs within the first hour of exposure, resulting in a rapid loss of hoof hardness. Cows kept in such poorly managed conditions spend less time lying and more time perching, which adds further stress to the hooves and increases susceptibility to injury and infection. Additionally, wet and contaminated surfaces promote the growth of infectious agents like Fusobacterium necrophorum, Dichelobacter nodosus and Treponema spp., which are associated with digital dermatitis (DD) and foot rot.
While traditional best management practices remain essential, the introduction of non-invasive tools like 3D camera systems transforms how producers detect and respond early to these health issues.
Footbaths and trimming
Maintaining hoof health through regular trimming and the use of footbaths is essential. Among the various disinfectants available for footbath use, copper sulfate (typically at concentrations of 2.5% to 5%) remains one of the most widely used due to its proven effectiveness against DD. However, environmental concerns – particularly the risk of copper accumulation in soil and runoff – have led many producers to explore alternatives. Zinc sulfate offers a similar antimicrobial effect with somewhat lower environmental impact and less regulatory scrutiny, while organic acid blends and peracetic acid-based products provide biodegradable and user-safe options, though often at a higher cost or with shorter activity.
Continue reading this article published in Progressive Dairy.
